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Washington, DC : The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the Article IV consultation [1] and the second review of the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) Arrangement for the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The completion of the Second Review allowed an immediate disbursement equivalent to 152.3 million SDR (about US$ 203 million) to support balance-of-payment needs, bringing the aggregate disbursement to date to 456.9 million SDR (about US$653 million).

The DRC’s macroeconomic environment has improved since the last Article IV consultation in 2019. The authorities have adopted prudent macroeconomic policies, most visibly by halting central bank financing to the government. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, considerable macroeconomic gains were achieved in 2021 and reform momentum under the ECF arrangement was sustained. The economy rebounded more than envisaged with growth at 6.2 percent, supported by non-extractive growth. Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation declined to 5.3 percent year-on-year, accompanied by a stable exchange rate as the central bank stopped providing financing to the government. The fiscal outturn was better than projected, as higher fiscal revenues and external financing provided space for additional spending, mostly on investment although domestic arrears accumulated. The external position improved, and gross international reserves increased to US$3 billion at end 2021. However, despite excess liquidity, private sector credit remains subdued at 7 percent of the GDP and the banking sector faces vulnerabilities. Fragility continues to hinder inclusive growth as 72.5 percent of the population is in poverty and access to basic public services is severely under-provisioned.

Progress under the Fund-supported program remains satisfactory. End-December 2021 quantitative performance criteria (QPCs) and all but one (on social spending due to shortcomings in inter-ministerial coordination) indicative targets were observed. Four out of five structural benchmarks (SBs) were met, pending the publication of one mining contract. Progress on two end-June 2022 SBs is slightly delayed, and staff proposes resetting to end-September. Efforts to implement structural reforms are being stepped up.

In 2022, the DRC’s economy is facing some headwinds from the war in Ukra ine, which has increased the cost of living and the fiscal costs associated with the fuel subsidy. Despite the deteriorating global economic prospects, the outlook remains favorable sustained by improved mineral prices. Growth has been revised down to 6.1 percent (6.4 percent previously) and inflation revised up to 11 percent due to imported prices. The domestic fiscal deficit (program target) is projected to widen by 0.4 percentage points of GDP, to 1.4 percent of GDP as the higher mining revenues will not fully compensate for the increased fiscal costs associated with the fuel subsidy and higher domestically financed investment for priority social infrastructure projects. The authorities have increased domestic fuel prices, but more efforts are needed to reduce untargeted subsidies and budget costs while supporting vulnerable households through targeted social transfers. Furthermore, spillovers from the war in Ukraine may further increase international food prices and slow global activity, worsening external and fiscal balances, inflationary pressures and food insecurity. The medium-term outlook provides opportunities to consolidate macro stability and scale up structural reforms, though significant downside risks remain, and severe fragility persists.

At the conclusion of the Executive Board’s discussion, Mr. Okamura, Deputy Managing Director and Chair stated:

“Macroeconomic performance in 2021 was marked by high growth, contained inflation, and strengthened fiscal and external positions. Performance under the Extended Credit Facility arrangement continues to be satisfactory. Growth prospects remain favorable in 2022, but downside risks have increased from the worsened external environment.

“The fiscal deficit is expected to widen in 2022 as higher subsidies and social infrastructure spending are only partially compensated by higher-than-envisaged revenues. Continued revenue mobilization, contained current spending—including through fuel subsidy and civil service reforms—and well-managed fiscal risks are key to create space for priority investment. Strengthening fiscal institutions and governance, including by enhancing budget credibility and cash management, is crucial to improve public financial management and avoid domestic arrears accumulation. Improving public investment management will enhance efficiency and transparency.

“Strengthening the monetary and exchange rate policy frameworks will support price stability and external sustainability. Continued efforts to accumulate reserves buffers while enhancing the role of the exchange rate as a shock absorber are paramount to build resilience to external shocks. Efforts to strengthen the independence, governance, and safeguards of the Central Bank of Congo need to continue, as well as reforms to strengthen banking regulatory, supervisory, and resolution frameworks.

“Advancing structural reforms and strengthening policy frameworks, including in natural wealth management, are key to promoting higher and sustainable inclusive growth, as the global energy transition provides an opportunity for development. Continued efforts to improve mining sector transparency, the anti-corruption and AML/CFT frameworks, the business climate, and governance would support private sector development, economic diversification, and competitiveness.

[1] Under Article IV of the IMF's Articles of Agreement, the IMF holds bilateral discussions with members, usually every year. A staff team visits the country, collects economic and financial information, and discusses with officials the country's economic developments and policies. On return to headquarters, the staff prepares a report, which forms the basis for discussion by the Executive Board.

Table 1. Democratic Republic of the Congo: Selected Economic and Financial Indicators, 2021-24

(Annual percentage change, unless otherwise indicated)

Consumer prices, end of period

(Annual change in percent of beginning-of-period broad money)

(Percent of GDP, unless otherwise indicated)

Exports of goods and services

Imports of goods and services

Gross official reserves (weeks of imports)

Debt service in percent of government revenue

Sources: Congolese authorities; and IMF staff estimates and projection

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